Internalized ableism is something that most, if not all, disabled, chronically ill, & neurodivergent people have experienced. But, first of all... What IS Ableism? Ableism is the discrimination of & the social prejudice against people with disabilities based on the belief that "typical abilities" are superior. Examples Of Ableist Comments About Autism & Autistic People:
Sadly, several of the above comments are said to me on a consistent basis. A few of them many, many years before I even knew I was autistic. And I have no choice but to take it. Hearing those things hurts. It really, really hurts. Examples Of Ableist Quotes By Temple Grandin, The "Face" Of Autism:
Now that we know what ableism is...
What IS Internalized Ableism? Internalized ableism is when people with disabilities absorb & believe the negative stereotypes & prejudices society holds about them. Examples Of Internalized Ableism For Autistic People:
ALL except for three of the above statements are true for me, in my experience of growing up autistic, & BEING AUTISTIC. This is one reason why it is so important to be kind & to not use ableist language. Your words really, truly matter. A LOT.
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WELCOME to the first Autism Acceptance Month blog post of 2024! Today, I wanted to take a few steps back & go over some autism terms & what they mean. I use many of these terms throughout my blog & I try to provide definitions as I write. It's always good to take the time to pause & review what some of these terms mean though. And there's no better time to do that than when we're kicking off Autism Acceptance Month! Important Autism Terms & Definitions:
Today is my one year anniversary of me finding out I'm autistic (I can't believe it!), so in celebration of that, here are some things I've learned over the past year:
Multiple times throughout this blog, I have referenced the three levels of autism, but what exactly do the levels of autism mean? And what's the difference between them? Let's get into that right now. Each person who received an autism diagnosis after May 2013 (when the DSM-5 was published) was diagnosed with level 1, level 2, or level 3 autism. The difference between the levels is simply the level of support that a person needs in his or her daily life, with level 1 autistics needing the least amount of support & the level 3 autistics needing the most amount of support. I am a level 2 autistic, so that means that I fall right in the middle. Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder:
Level 1 autism was formerly known as Asperger’s syndrome, high-functioning autism, or the mildest form of autism. It is very important to remember that these terms are no longer used & using these terms are actually harmful to the autistic community. You can read more about that in my prior blog post about the harm of autism function labels. Although there isn’t just one set of characteristics that level 1 autistic children AND adults have (remember autism is a spectrum with a very wide array of characteristics), there are some traits & experiences that level 1 autistics tend to have in common:
Level 1 autistic people might also experience depression or anxiety that is the direct result of social difficulties. They also tend to get bullied or left out of social situations, which can lead to mental health issues & difficulties later in life. I personally experienced very severe bullying from early childhood all the way through college, with the worst of it being in my mid-teens & beyond. I will get more into this in a future blog post. Level 2 Autism Spectrum Disorder: Level 2 autism is where I fall on the autism spectrum. This level is in the middle of the spectrum & usually requires substantial support for independent & successful daily living. Level 2 autistics tend to experience all of the level 1 characteristics, but to a greater degree. They also might have more noticeable stimming behaviors (sometimes called restricted or repetitive behaviors). Stimming isn't something to get rid of unless it causes harm to the autistic person or to the people around them. Hair pulling, biting, slapping, & banging the head against something are all examples of harmful or dangerous stims that should be gotten rid of or exchanged for another stim that isn't harmful or dangerous. Level 3 Autism Spectrum Disorder: Level 3 autism was formerly known as low-functioning autism or severe autism. However, it is very important to remember that these terms are no longer used & using these terms are actually harmful to the autistic community. You can read more about that in my prior blog post about the harm of autism function labels. Level 3 autistics require very substantial support for daily living. This means that they would benefit from more assistance & more accommodations at home, at school, at work, in the community, in relationships, etc. in order to live as independently & as successfully as possible. Level 3 autistic people may also need a lot more supervision, even in adolescence & adulthood than level 1 & level 2 autistic people do. Level 3 autistic children AND adults tend to experience all of the level 1 & level 2 characteristics, but to a much greater degree. Some other common characteristics of level 3 autistics are:
Final Thoughts: The levels of autism are the medical community's way to help clarify the needs & abilities of autistic individuals. It is also important to remember that individuals across all areas of the autism spectrum have amazingly unique strengths & abilities that neurotypicals often do not have. We need to remember to recognize & support these strengths & abilities as well. Regardless if someone is a level 1, a level 2, or a level 3 autistic person, all autistic people experience this world very differently from each other. We all may struggle with daily living, but in very different ways. What Are Autism Function Labels?: Autism function labels are used by allistic, or non-autistic people, such as parents, family members, friends, caretakers & medical professionals; to describe an autistic person's abilities. If you refer to someone as having "high-functioning" or "low-functioning" autism, for example, you are using autism function labels. What Is "High-Functioning" Autism?: "High-functioning" autism isn't an official medical diagnosis, but is a term that allistic people use when talking about autistic people. When people talk about an autistic person who is "high-functioning," they are referring to someone who despite his or her autism, is able to read, write, speak, & handle daily tasks such as eating, getting dressed, & personal hygiene independently. A "high-functioning" autistic person can also live independently. People may also call "high-functioning" autistic people mildly autistic, less autistic, or something similar. These terms essentially mean the same thing as "high-functioning" autism. "High-functioning" autism is just the term that is used the most often. What Is "Low-Functioning" Autism?: "Low-functioning" autistic people are usually unable to live independently & will require support from a parent or caretaker throughout their lives. "Low-functioning" autistic people are either nonverbal or they have much more pronounced communication impairments. People may also call "low-functioning" autistic people severely autistic, more autistic, or something similar. These terms essentially mean the same thing as "low-functioning" autism. "Low-functioning" autism is just the term that is used the most often. How Are Autism Function Labels Harmful?: Autism function labels are harmful because they cause ableism, or the discrimination of disabled people. How Autism Function Labels Harm "Low-Functioning" Autistics
How Autism Function Labels Harm "High-Functioning" Autistics
What Does the Autism Spectrum Look Like?: Many allistic people would be very surprised to learn that the autism spectrum is NOT linear & the below image is absolutely NOT what the autism spectrum looks like. The autism spectrum looks more like this ↓. More specifically, this graphic is what MY autism spectrum looks like because it illustrates my specific abilities, as well as my challenges. As noted below, the more white space a particular area of the spectrum contains, the more I struggle with that particular situation or activity & vice versa. You will not be able to find another autistic person out there who's spectrum looks exactly like this because each & every one of us is different from one another. What Terminology Should We Use Instead of High-Functioning & Low-Functioning Autism?: Instead of calling us high-functioning or low-functioning, please simply call us autistic or if you need to be more specific, refer to us an autistic person with low support or high support needs. This makes us feel less judged about who we are as people, but still lets caregivers, teachers, or employers know what to expect in terms of how much support & what type of accommodations we may require. What Is Asperger's Syndrome?: No longer an official diagnosis, Asperger's syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder where a person has normal language & cognitive abilities, but has difficulties with social interactions & repetitive patterns of behavior & interests. Aspies, as individuals diagnosed with this syndrome call themselves, may struggle with conversational skills & nonverbal communication (e.g. eye contact, facial expression, body language, etc.). They also tend to have a narrow or intense focus on particular interests. The History of Asperger's Syndrome: Dr. Hans Asperger was an Austrian pediatrician who during World War II, sent nearly eight hundred children to Spiegelgrund, a special children's clinic in Vienna where children who were mentally ill or physically disabled were incarcerated, tortured, starved, & often murdered due to being deemed inferior or worthless by the Nazis. Asperger kept four highly intelligent, but socially awkward & physically clumsy children alive because they were higher functioning. These children were deemed worthy of survival, so that they could be studied. This is also why autism function labels (e.g. high-functioning autism, low-functioning autism, mild autism, severe autism, less autistic, more autistic, etc.) are harmful & should no longer be used. I will get more into autism function labeling in a future blog post. The term Asperger's syndrome was not coined by Asperger himself, however, but was coined by British psychiatrist Lorna Wing in 1981. It was added to the DSM-IV in 1994. "The Geek Syndrome":
In 2001, Asperger's syndrome gained some notoriety due to an article in Wired magazine entitled "The Geek Syndrome," where it was described as the "milder cousin" of autism. The article describes people with Asperger's as being quirky, creative, anxious, & socially challenged. The Retirement Of Asperger's Syndrome: The term "Asperger's Syndrome" was retired in May 2013 when the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the 5th edition of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Now, Asperger's syndrome is no longer a diagnosis, but is known as autism spectrum disorder, level 1. This is the lowest out of the three levels of autism spectrum disorder. Even so, lots of people still use the term Asperger's. Reasons For Reclassification:
Personal Thoughts: During my autism diagnosis journey, as I began learning more & more about autism spectrum disorder, one of the things that quickly came to light was that Asperger's syndrome is no longer a term that is used. When I learned the reasoning behind this & the history behind the syndrome, I was horrified, deeply disturbed, & sick to my stomach. I was raised in a culturally & religiously-blended household, celebrating both Christian & [some] Jewish holidays, growing up. Due to having a partial Jewish background & having family members who do still practice the religion, the history behind Asperger's syndrome affects me on a deeply personal level. In fact, my parents & I don't purchase German car or appliance brands due to the Holocaust! If I were ever in a situation where someone told me that they were an Aspie, it would take some serious tongue-biting for me to not tell them that they aren't! |
AuthorHello! My name is Kim, I didn't know I was autistic until I was in my thirties, & this is my story. Categories
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